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Lake chubsucker
The lake chubsucker (''Erimyzon sucetta'') is a freshwater fish endemic to North America, being found in the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River basin, as far north as Ontario, Canada, extending south to the Gulf of Mexico. It is mostly found in lakes, ponds, and swamps, rarely in streams.〔Fishbase. ''Erimyzon sucetta.'' 2010. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=2987〕 It is a freshwater fish, and intermediate level consumer as it feeds on benthic detritus.〔Snodgrass, Joel W., Charles H. Jagoe, A. Lawrence Bryan Jr., Heather A. Brant and J. Burger. 2000. Effects of trophic status and wetland morphology, hydroperiod, and water chemistry on mercury concentrations in fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatics 58:(7) 1419-1429.〕 More specifically it eats microcrustacea and midge larvae.〔 Its average length is 25.8 cm. ''E. sucetta'' reportedly scatters its eggs randomly over aquatic vegetation and submerged grass in ponds 〔Page, Lawrence M. and Carol E. Johnston. 1989. Spawning in the creek chubsucker,''Erimyzon oblongus'', with a review of spawning behavior in suckers (Catostomidae) Environmental Biology of Fishes 27:265-272.〕 or over gravelly areas cleared by males.〔NatureServe Explorer. ''Erimyzon sucetta.'' 2008. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Erimyzon%20sucetta〕 While the chubsucker is not in acute danger, 50% of its current range is secure, it is facing some difficulties because of siltation caused by agricultural practices.〔 It can also be affected by coal ash spills, both directly by decreased swimming performance and indirectly by decreased energy resources available to it after release of coal ash into its environment.〔Hopkins, W.A., J.W Snodgrassa, J.H Roea, B.P Stauba, B.P Jacksona, and J.D Congdona. 2002. Effects of food ration on survival and sublethal responses of lake chubsuckers (''Erimyzon sucetta'') exposed to coal combustion wastes. Aquatic Toxicology 57:191-202.〕 This being said, its range has declined in many states like Missouri, Arkansas, Ohio, and possibly even Tennessee.〔
==Geographic distribution==
The lake chubsucker is found in North America in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basin lowlands. Its range extends from southern Ontario to the Gulf of Mexico, west to Wisconsin and Texas, and east to southern Virginia and southern Florida.〔 In Canada it is thought to have been extirpated from Jeanette’s Creek and areas of Big Creek and Tea Creek.〔Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2011. Recovery Potential Assessment of Lake Chubsucker (''Erimyzon sucetta'') in Canada. Science Advisory Report. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/Publications/SAR-AS/2011/2011_033-eng.pdf.〕 In the US it has been extirpated from areas of southern Illinois, Iowa, and Pennsylvania. It is also declining in abundance in Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Ohio.〔Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency ''Erimyzon sucetta.'' 2008. http://www.tnfish.org/SpeciesFishInformation_TWRA/Research/LakeChubsuckerErimyzonSucetta_NatureServeExplorer.pdf.〕 This decline in abundance is largely due to habitat modification or destruction, such as changing the level of turbidity of the water, changing sedimentation levels, introducing exotic, invasive species, altering nutrient levels, and introducing toxins.〔 In some of these areas, it is possible that the fish is still around in small numbers, but it is very difficult to collect and therefore hard to establish extirpation conclusively.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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